Delinquency Rates

Foreclosure rates

Loans at or near negative equity

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The chart shows that nominal (ie. not inflation-adjusted) prices hadn’t shown an actual decline in over 50 years prior to 2006/7.  Real (inflation-adjusted) prices have fallen in previous recessions, though with the exception of 1980-82, those declines were pretty small.  This time round, though, we’re down big-time.

An inflation-adjusted annual average price growth of 1.3% sure doesn’t sound like much to me.  And that number’s not going up a lot even if you discount the suislide of the last three years.  Proof that a home isn’t a “good investment?”  I’ve never suggested that it is.

Doesn’t look a whole lot better even after you factor in leverage.  If you’ve put 20% down, the rate of return on your equity increases five-fold.  Now we’re up to a whole 6.5% gross return.  But that’s before all the expenses of ownership not to mention the endless lists of things “to do.”

Of course, the real reason to buy a home is because it’s about “shelter” in the broadest sense of the word.  It’s as basic as finding a comfortable cave for yourself and your loved ones and painting beautiful drawings on the walls.

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Just back from the Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economic’s semi-annual symposium on all things real estate.  (FCREUE is the real estate department within UC Berkeley’s Haas Business School.)

Ken Rosen is the Center’s oft-quoted co-chair and quietly advises real estate investment funds with over $300 million in assets.  Most of the time these symposiums take a very high-level view of real estate:  it’s an asset class to be compared to other assets, and the focus is usually on institutional investors and broad real estate segments.

But with the housing melt-down, recent symposiums have been very much about the lowly residential market, both national and local, albeit within the wider context of the economy as a whole.

Rosen almost always delivers a fact and slide-packed economic forecast. It’s a big part of why I go.  Here are some of his current observations and predictions:

• The Shape of the Recovery:
  • Chances of a fragile recovery:  55%.  We’ve already had a big bounce; he expects a slowdown for the rest of the year (This is  a broken “W”)
  • Chances of a moderate recovery:  35% (This is the “U”)
  • Chances of a mild recession:  10%, (Think an “L” with a sinking bottom.)

• Jobs: He thinks the job situation will turn around by the end of 2010 (other speakers weren’t so sure.)  San Francisco has already started adding jobs.

• Interest Rates:  Rosen thinks that the Fed is already missing the boat on inflation and that it’s inevitable.  Just as important, he thinks that the Fed should already be raising short-term interests, though he thinks it’ll keep them at near zero for another six months or so.

“Two years from now, short term interest rates will be back up to 4%.”

As for 30 year fixed mortgages, if rates go up to 6%, the real estate market will probably still be ok.  If they go to 7%, we’re in trouble.

• Home Prices. US Single family home sales will look good for the next few months but then will slow towards the end of the year.  Lots of people are coming back on to the market because they see movement and because of the tax credits.

And now the takeaway:

“If you feel secure [in your job], now is a good time to buy because interest rates are going to go higher and prices probably won’t go much lower.”

Oh, and one last thing:  Short China real estate. They’re in a massive bubble of their own.

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Back in the still-uncertain days of September 09, every market pundit had his or her own letter for what shape the recovery would take. I blogged about Ben Bernanke’s “U,” Liz Ann Sonders‘ “V,” and Nouriel Roubini’s “W” here. Though one could argue the jury is still out, I think it’s fair to say that Liz Ann won round one.  The recovery is looking and feeling like a “V”  — and in fact is falling pretty much within historical patterns. (Full disclosure — I had my money on Nouriel.)

I recently spent 20 minutes listening to her most recent webcast, and it all sounds pretty seensible.  What I like about Sonders in particular is that she’s basically a contrarian. So many people are betting against the stock market’s phenomenal rise right now — and in favor of bonds — that she thinks that the bears are refusing to accept the fact that a solid recovery is in place.  I like the way she puts it in a related article:

Skeptics are often the loudest folks in the room, and the bear case is often the more “intellectual” case, but the market has a tendency to reward the minority view, not the majority view.

What’s all this got to do with San Francisco residential real estate?  One of her points touches on a theme that I’ve sounded here recently. As everyone knows, interest rates are likely to rise as the economy starts to strengthen and the Fed starts turning off the easy credit spigot.   Sonders is not predicting the stratospheric rates that occurred in the early 1980’s.  Nevertheless, it doesn’t take much of an increase in rates to have a significant impact 0n the amount of house you can buy.

Say you’re thinking about borrowing $700,000 on a 30 year fixed rate loan at the current rate of 5.25%.  Your payment would be just under $3,900 a month.  Now say that interest rates increase by just half a percent to 5.75%.  Your monthly payment would increase to just under $4,100 a month.  Maybe a difference of $200 a month doesn’t sound like that much:  a couple of fancy restaurant dinners would would cost the same.

But look at it this way.  Say that the the maximum you’ve decided — or the bank’s decided — you can afford to pay each month on your mortgage is $3,900 a month.  Now that half percent increase in rates means that the maximum loan you can qualify for is around $662,000.  That’s a loss of $38,000 in the amount you can borrow and the amount of house you can buy.

It’s also a heck of a lot of fancy dinners.

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Since for most of us our homes represent our biggest asset, that’s pretty good news when you consider how bleak things looked back in March of 2009.  Just think of how you were feeling about your 401(k)s.

But before you break out the champagne, consider that national home prices have now “recovered” to levels last seen in Autumn 2003.  That’s over six years of appreciation wiped out.

The San Francisco Metropolitan Statistical Area (that’s 5 of the 9 Bay Area Counties, folks) is up 15.2% from its trough value. Case-Shiller does not break out San Francisco proper from the much larger MSA.  However, I calculate that median prices in January were up just 10% from the lows reached in March 2009.  (I use 3 month moving averages, which approximates the seasonal adjustments the CS Index uses.)  To see how SF did through 2009, check out my blog and charts here.

For the record, I’ve never suggested to anyone that buying a home is a good “investment.”  You can do much better in the stock market and probably even in bonds.

However, I am beginning to think that if you’re going to shackle yourself to a home, now may not be a bad time to buy.  And I think the NY Times article supports my position.

Why do I think so?  Most of the articles I’ve been reading suggest that the worst is over in terms of price declines, this article included.  That doesn’t mean that prices couldn’t drop another 5 to 10%.  But it’s a fool’s errand to try to predict the bottom (or top) of any market.

At the same time, the consensus seems to be that interest rates have nowhere to go but up, given the huge stimulus that the government’s been giving to prop up the economy.  One can argue whether and when the government should choke off the spigot of easy credit, but when it does, rates are going to have to go up.

Here’s the takeaway from the NY Times article:

“Instead of betting on home prices, you make a bet on whether money will become cheaper or more expensive, allowing you to buy more or less house.”

Now  it’s true that increasing interest rates ultimately lead to declining prices as tighter credit drives down demand.  That’s the theory anyway.  But after the huge declines we’ve already seen, it’s anybody’s guess as to when, where, or how that will happen.  As the article says, “don’t go there. Maintain your focus.”

Here’s a graph from mortgage-X.com on historical blended (ie. fixed, arms, etc.) mortgage rates.  Should make people who can qualify for a mortgage in this still-crazy market feel pretty good, no?

The View From Space

The View from Space – 2010

Ken Rosen is a smart guy.  He’s the co-chair of the Fisher Center of Real Estate and Urban Economics at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley and the investment adviser of choice to some of the biggest players in real estate, from banks to insurance companies to REITS. Ken might not be able to appraise your house, but he could tell you how each sector of the real estate economy has fared anywhere in the country, and probably in many parts of the world.

Once or twice a year I spend the day in a windowless hotel conference room listening to Ken and some of the biggest heads in the real estate biz expounding on the state of real estate. These guys (and they are mostly guys) look at real estate through the lens of global macro-economics and finances.  Want to know where interest rates are going?  They study yield curves on T-Bills and monetary policy in the capitals of Europe.  This is “the view from space.”

I reported on Ken’s predictions from November of 2008 here. (Remember, we were already in deep doo-doo, though things got worse through the first quarter of 2009.)  Before moving into his predictions for 2010 and beyond, I thought it would be useful to see how well he did on on his forecasts for 2009:

The Ken Rosen Scorecard for 2009

• Chance of a deep recession: 70%. Bingo.
• S&P 500 at year-end under a deep recession: 850. Actual:  1115.   Woops (but who said the market was rational?)
• The dollar: “Will continue to do well.” Nope, it lost ground.

Not a great batting average you say?  Truth is, I’m cherry-picking here.  Overall, Rosen’s message in November 08 was that things were improving, but that there would be volatiility and a long, slow recovery in housing.  Notwithstanding our brush with death in March  — Rosen put the chance of a deep recession at 5% — his prediction on that aspect of the market seems to be holding up well.  As for the dollar, given the gaping chasm that faced the global markets in the early months of 2009 – led by crashing and burning US financial institutions – the dollar’s decline shouldn’t be a surprise.

And as for the stock market and its amazing recovery, given what still seems to be looming on the horizon, I just can’t figure that one out at all.

Rosen’s Predictions for 2010

In terms of the shape of the recovery, Rosen estimates the chances of a “broken W”  — read fragile recovery – at 65%.  This is where I’m putting my money folks.

He estimates the chances of a more robust recovery at 25%, and that of a long , Japanese-style recession at 10%.

Expect a slow, fragile recovery, a bottoming out of the housing market, and rising long-term rates.

Estimates for the Stock Market, Year End 2010

S&P  1150; Dow 11,000

Advice for the Home-Buyer:

If there’s any good news here, it’s that Rosen thinks that the sector will come back fastest is single family housing.

Here’s the takeaway quote:

“Take advantage of the windfall tax credit and low interest rates if you’ve got a good job”

Rosen thinks that prices have bottomed (I’m not so sure).  But it does appear that

REO’s (properties taken back by the banks) have declined as a percentage of all sales, and that should help to stabilize prices.

From a socio-economic perspective, housing affordability has increased significantly due to low interest rates and price declines, and that can only be viewed as good if you believe that widespread home-ownership is a public “good.” (I do.)

What could go wrong?

In a moment of brilliant serendipity, Rosen’s co-chair at the Fisher School, Bob Edelstein — no small brain himself –  happened to sit next to me at lunch.  In the next 30 minutes we covered everything from wine to Waziristan.  His outlook was not as sanguine as Rosen’s.  We didn’t get into details, but my impression was that Edelstein was more concerned than Rosen about a jobless recovery coupled with higher interest rates driven by enormous deficits.

Once again, the magic eight ball says:  “Ask again later.”

Ask again later

A front page article in the Business Section of last Wednesday’s New York Times, grimly entitled “An Upturn in Housing May be Reversing,” pulls together recent and contradictory data from various sources, including Case-Shiller, Moody’s, and The National Association of Realtors.  The conclusions are sobering.

There is a growing consensus that the positive national sales data that we’ve seen over the last few months is faltering.  Much of the recent activity, for example, was stimulated by the anticipated expiration of the “First Time Home-buyer Tax Credit,” originally set to expire in November, and now extended through April of next year.  Essentially, this means we’ve “borrowed” from future sales.

Also, despite some positive economic news and decent sales volumes, there’s been little improvement in sales prices because inventory levels – read “foreclosed properties” – remain so high.   Mary Maitland, VP of the S & P Index that publishes the Case-Shiller Index foresees a “W” pattern for the housing market, with prices this winter testing the lows we saw earlier in the spring.  Am I allowed to say “I told you so?”

The NY Times article has a cool interactive chart for specific MSA areas including “San Francisco” — remember this covers 5 of the 9 Bay Area Counties.

The National Association of Realtors (NAR) reported yesterday that existing home sales in October rose to their highest level in more than two years.  Nationally, sales were up 10.1% over September and up 23.5% year over year.

Most of the increase in sales, however, was not in the western region, where sales were  only up 1.6% from the previous month.  (Oh, the devil is always in the details.)  And more “good news”:  The western region median price of $220,200 — clearly this is not San Francisco — was down 14.7% year over year.

Not surprisingly, the article stresses the positive.  Inventories are shrinking, especially at the lower price levels where foreclosures and REOs are slowly being digested by the system.  Prices have fallen by the smallest amount in over a year (don’t you love that!).

You can argue that any press release by NAR is going to be self-serving, but its Chief Economist, Lawrence Yun, doesn’t mince words when he says that a lot of the sales surge was fueled  by the anticipated expiration of the First Time Homebuyer Tax Credit.  The $8,000 tax credit was originally scheduled to expire in November, but has now been extended  through April 30, 2010. Yun goes on to caution that “with such a sale spike, a measurable decline should be anticipated in December and early next year before another surge in spring and early summer.”

We can only hope that he’s right about that surge….

That was the title of an October 27 article in the New York Times, and, as one of my readers and clients pointed out, it’s what I’ve been tentatively suggesting as a possible scenario for this winter. See here, for example.

And, ironically, the gloomy head-line announced yet another “positive” month of data from the Case-Shiller Home Price Index. The little up-tick in the index from last month’s July data that I discussed as a possible “dead cat bounce” continued in August.

“San Francisco”  — remember, this is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)  consisting of 5 of the 9 Bay Area Counties — improved 2.6% on a seasonally adjusted basis from July 09.  The New York Times has a cool inter-active chart that shows the CS Index for various MSA’s here.

So why so glum?  The NY Times article points to a number of factors that suggest the improvement may not continue:

• an unexpected fall in consumer confidence in October.
• the end of the stimulus provided by the first-time home-buyer tax credit (though there’s pressure to extend this).
• doubt about how long the The Fed will keep interest rates so low.

Especially troubling for California is “strong evidence that foreclosures may be spreading from sub-prime inland areas to the more exclusive coastal region.”

My view hasn’t changed.  If you’re thinking about buying, this is probably a good time to be out there looking, with a view to buying some time during the winter months when activity slows and prices tend to soften somewhat.  Nobody knows how long interest rates are going to remain low — and some economists think that they may well remain low for a while — but with the government having thrown so much money at the economy to keep us from the brink of disaster, it’s hard to argue that the long-term trend is going to be anything but up.

As for whether we’ve hit bottom yet, it’s anybody’s guess.  While Mr Case of Case-Shiller continues to think that the worst is over, the NY Times article quotes another eminent economist who thinks that the recent improvement in the CS Index is an aberration and who wouldn’t be surprised by another — if limited — down-leg.

It’s a fool’s game to try to time the market to the nth degree.  And in this environment, with so many contradictory signs pointing in so many directions, you might as well flip a coin, or an economist, and see whether he lands on his head or his arse.

Me, I’m dusting off my magic 8-ball.